Since the above theory is now abolished it may be a good moment to remind viewers of the merits of new gravity. This theory established in 1987 suggests that as the only thing now known to exist in the entire universe is empty space. This is where our ideas should start.

In the beginning nothing but empty space in a universe of the same size as exists to this day. Possibly space is unstable anyway, some of it moves, here and there in random motion. Gradually clashing with each other spin is naturally formed in trillions of places. This is the first containment of energy in permanent units that will last forever, since there is no drag or friction. This same spin pulls or sucks space to it inevitably and this action is what we know as gravity. The weakest force of all but the most important.

In the course of billions of years groupings are formed and by increasing temperatures and pressure form elements and other forces such as electricity etc. The red shift of light from distant galaxies occurs because light travels against the pull on space by the gravity of the emitter and so reduces the frequency to the red end. There is no expansion of the universe. In the case of lensing of starlight in passing a galaxy, it passes through streams of gravity induced space and it is bent by each stream, towards the galaxy, simply going with the flow. No attraction. Convinced?